Various theories exist regarding the mechanisms of stiff shoulder (SS). Potential etiological factors are adhesive capsulitis, [1] decreased capsular volume, [2,3] capsular contractions, [4] rotator ...

1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ...

Please provide your email address to receive an email when new articles are posted on . Although arthroscopic capsular release is a known treatment for shoulder stiffness, posterior extended capsular ...

Radiofrequency capsular shrinkage shows little benefit for treating patients with voluntary shoulder instability, although repeated applications may improve the results, according to a small study by ...

Irreparable rotator cuff tears can make conservative treatment options difficult or ineffective. A doctor may recommend superior capsular reconstruction surgery in cases of severe tears. The rotator ...