No ordinary camera can capture the motion of electrons inside an atom. But the advent of ultrafast laser pulses brings the necessary 'shutter speed' for snapping them as they tumble between energy ...

A study suggests atoms can bond not only with electrons in their outer shells, but also via those in their supposedly sacrosanct inner shells Most of us learned in high school chemistry class that ...

Researchers at the University of New South Wales (UNSW), alongside those from the Université de Sherbrooke in Quebec and Aalto University in Finland, have announced they have used artificial atoms in ...

Many of us learned in high school chemistry that the electrons around an atomic nucleus occupy different energy levels. The low-energy levels are known as the inner electron shells, and the ...

A newly developed laser technology has enabled physicists to generate attosecond bursts of high-energy photons of unprecedented intensity. This has made it possible to observe the interaction of ...

X-rays, a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths from 0.01 to 10 nanometers, pack enough energy to pierce materials and interact with inner-shell electrons. 1 When they hit a sample, ...

A transportable ytterbium optical lattice clock has been commercially shipped, rapidly recommissioned, and tested against ...