There are quite a few ways to increment and decrement numeric variables in bash. This post examines the many ways you can do this. When preparing scripts that will run in bash, it’s often critical to ...

A topic that's often very confusing for beginners when using neural networks is data normalization and encoding. Because neural networks work internally with numeric data, binary data (such as sex, ...

Under CMS, floating-point representation (unlike scientific notation) uses a base of 16 rather than base 10. IBM mainframe systems all use the same floating-point representation, which is made up of 4 ...

Variables often look like $var, but they also look like $1, $*, $? and $$. Let's take a look at what all these $ values can tell you. A lot of important values are ...

Dr. James McCaffrey of Microsoft Research presents a full-code, step-by-step tutorial on a "very tricky" machine learning technique. Data clustering is the process of grouping data items together so ...

This appendix provides an example on how to apply the k-prototypes clustering algorithm in R, which is an open-source programming language that is mainly used for data processing and statistical ...

In this exercise we have an example of R Markdown - a way to combine narrative writing with code and output from analyses to create reproducible reports. The goal today is to learn a bit about how the ...

The default color is yellow for all of the bars in a histogram. To make color a response variable in the graph, you can specify a numeric variable whose values are indexed into the defined color range ...

Statistical Analysis System, also known as SAS, as the name suggests, primarily serves as a software tool for statistical analysis. SAS is also a programming software used for data manipulation, ...