For residents of European cities—with their snarled traffic, drafty old buildings, creaking public services and gray winters—it's easy to see the appeal of moving to a brand-new, high-tech metropolis.

Pascual Berrone does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond ...

The concept of smart cities has evolved from a futuristic vision to a tangible reality, with urban centers worldwide integrating technology and sustainability to enhance the quality of life for their ...