Research into ionospheric wave generation and modulation has significantly enhanced our understanding of the upper atmosphere’s dynamic behaviour. Ionospheric waves arise from the interplay between ...

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) or Pulse Duration Modulation (PDM) is a technique of converting analog signals into rectangular waveforms. The width of the waveform varies in proportion with the ...

Curtiss-Wright’s E-SOQPSK (Extensible SOQPSK) is a software-configurable, ultra-low-power Wi-Fi modulation scheme. Its waveforms offer some beneficial performance attributes for aeronautical telemetry ...

An arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) is a powerful and flexible signal source capable of generating any wave shape within the bandwidth and amplitude range of the generator. Populating an AWG with ...

A 10-MHz sinusoidal carrier wave of amplitude 10 mV is modulated by a 5-kHz sinusoidal audio signal wave of amplitude 6 mV. Find (a) the frequency components of the resultant modulated wave and (b) ...

When [Electron Impressions] used a powerful ultrasonic array to project a narrow beam of sound toward a target, he described it as potentially useful in getting someone’s attention from across a ...