Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) are a flexible method for modeling data that comes from multiple overlapping sources. They assume that the data is generated from a mixture of Gaussian distributions, making them well-suited for identifying clusters with different shapes, sizes, and orientations. ✔️ Works well when clusters overlap or are not clearly separated ✔️ Provides soft assignments, giving a probability for each point’s cluster membership ❌ Requires specifying the number of components ahead